A tidal flat photovoltaic power station is a photovoltaic project that applies photovoltaic power generation technology to the tidal flat area. At present, the photovoltaic power generation technology is very mature, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is decreasing year by year, and the service life of photovoltaic power plants can reach about 25 years. Due to the advantages of less shelter and abundant solar energy resources in the tidal flat area, coupled with the difficulty of developing common projects in the tidal flat area, the construction of photovoltaic power plants is the best of both worlds. So what are tidal flats? How to build a photovoltaic power station in the tidal flat area, the editor will introduce to you the things about the tidal flat photovoltaic power station today!
What is a tidal flat?
Tidal flat is a general term for beach, river beach and lake beach, which refers to the tidal flooding zone between the high tide level and the low tide level of the coastal spring, the beach land between the normal water level of rivers and lakes to the flood level, the beach land below the seasonal lake and river flood level, reservoirs and pits. The area of the beach between the normal water level of the pond and the maximum flood level. Now tidal flats generally refer to coastal tidal flats.
China's tidal flats are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, and are an important part of the coastal zone. The total area of marine tidal flats in my country is 2.1704 million hectares.
In the modern era when land resources are increasingly scarce, how to develop and utilize tidal flats, as an important reserve land resource in my country, is a question worth pondering. The tidal flats in my country have the characteristics of large area, concentrated distribution, good location conditions and great potential for comprehensive development of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery. The tidal flat is a sea-land transition zone in dynamic change. If it develops towards the land, through reclamation and diversion of salt, it can quickly form the land for farming, animal husbandry, fishery and livestock production; if it develops towards the sea, it can further become the frontier for the development of the sea. The tidal flat is an important base for aquaculture and the development of agricultural production. It is a valuable asset for the development of the ocean and the marine industry. In the tidal flat area, tidal flat photovoltaic power stations such as fishery and light complementation can also be built.

Is a tidal flat land or sea?
Is the tidal flat land or sea? How to confirm the right to use the tidal flat? This has always been a difficult problem for developers and developers who invest in building photovoltaic power plants.
The tidal flat is an out-of-the-ordinary geographical concept, and there is a method for distinguishing and determining it in geography. But the legal concept of tidal flat is the definition of its social attributes. First, whether the tidal flat belongs to the sea area or the land determines whether the land use can be determined on the tidal flat according to the current law, that is, whether the tidal flat, as a natural form, can be used as the object of legal property rights; further, if it can be used as the object of property rights, What kind of property rights should be the object? Second, where is the legal boundary between tidal flats and land or sea? This determines the boundary of the tidal flat as an object category of property rights, and also determines the scope of application of the relevant laws.
The definition of tidal flats is different between the marine administrative department and the land and resources department. The marine administrative department defines the tidal flat as the sea area below the average high tide line and above the low tide line, and the land and resources management department defines the coastal tidal flat as the tidal flooding zone between the high tide level and the low tide level of the coastal spring. It is not difficult to see that both departments define tidal flats as belonging to land and an integral part of the sea.
According to the current law and the land classification approved by the State Council, tidal flats belong to the category of land, and the land management department has always managed tidal flats as land. Article 2 of the Implementing Regulations of the Land Administration Law stipulates: "The following land is owned by the whole people, that is, owned by the state: (4) Forest land, grassland, wasteland, tidal flat and other land that are not collectively owned by law." According to Article 48 of the Property Law, "Forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland, tidal flats and other natural resources are owned by the state, except those that are collectively owned by law." Tidal flats exist in two forms, state and collective. Units or individuals may also obtain the right to use tidal flats in accordance with the law.
However, after our country's law defines tidal flats as land, there is no clear boundary between land and sea areas. The scope of tidal flats defined by some existing local laws and regulations often exceeds the low tide line and extends into the shallow sea. For example, Article 3 of the Regulations on the Protection and Management of Aquaculture in Shallow Beaches of Guangdong Province stipulates: "The tidal flats referred to in these Regulations refer to the intertidal zones that can be used for mariculture and the mariculture areas or other deserted beaches connected to the intertidal zones; but The scope of the port area is excluded." It is clearly stipulated that the tidal flat extends to the mariculture area connected to the intertidal zone. For another example, Article 16 of the Regulations on the Administration of Tidal Flats in Shanghai stipulates: "The land formed by encircling tidal flats is owned by the state." From the literal meaning of these regulations, tidal flats are different from land, otherwise there would be no "tidal flats". the formation of land". However, from the original intention of the legislation, the tidal flat in its provisions mainly refers to the part submerged below the sea water.
The legal boundary between my country's land and sea areas should be the low tide line of sea water. The legal tidal flat, as a form of land, should only refer to its part above the low-tide line, and its natural extension in the shallow sea below the low-tide line, and should legally belong to the sea area rather than land.

What should be paid attention to in the site selection of tidal flat photovoltaic power stations?
1. It is necessary to clarify the land nature of the site, the status of the right to use, and whether it is included in the land use plan;
2. For sites with large height difference and deep ponds, the nature and scale of open and filled slopes that may be generated after site leveling should be evaluated;
3. Reasonably evaluate the geological structure and seismic effect; evaluate the hydrogeological conditions of the site and adjacent areas;
4. It is also necessary to clarify the elevation of the top of the tidal flat and seawall;
5. Determine the cultural conditions and transportation conditions around the site.
6. It is necessary to do a good job in the preliminary planning and design and the drainage and flood control work during the construction process.
7. It is necessary to comprehensively determine the corrosiveness of site water to concrete structures and steel bars in reinforced concrete structures in combination with local geological conditions;
8. The natural terrain in the site is relatively low, and if necessary, a qualified unit is entrusted to carry out the flood control evaluation of the construction project;
9. The site selection should fully consider the impact of natural conditions on the equipment and personnel of the photovoltaic power station. For example, if measures are not taken for adverse geological conditions, and regular maintenance is not performed during operation, tides, waterlogging, wind disasters, lightning, salt spray, and humidity may occur. , tropical cyclones, corrosion and other adverse natural conditions lead to the collapse of photovoltaic power plants, equipment damage, casualties and other situations.

Construction should pay attention to what?
Construction in the tidal flat geology, the site construction conditions are poor, which brings great difficulty to the pile foundation construction. Due to the large amount of piles and the fast construction speed, the piles are affected by the extrusion of the soil, and the driven piles will be affected by the left and right deviation. In this regard, try to use the vertical line to control the verticality of the pile during the pressing process after the pile driver is in place. During the construction, the pile will settle down to a certain extent, and the pile will not go down again. sink.

Quality issues that should be paid attention to in the construction of pile foundation
a. Pile body cracking: The eccentricity of the pile tip is large, the stabilizing pile is not vertical, the concrete strength is not enough, and the pile body has cracks. Clean the underground obstacles, correct the pile frame, check the strength, and prevent cracking during transportation and hoisting.
b. The depth of the piles cannot reach the design requirements: the geological data is not clear enough to make the design selection of the pile length wrong, and the geological exploration is carried out to correctly select the bearing layer or elevation.
c. Tilt of the pile body: In case of large hard obstacles and uneven soil density, timely correct the verticality of the pile, clear the underground obstacles, and adjust the pile pressing sequence.
d. Leakage piles and pile position deviation: Construction management should be strengthened to take preventive measures. The staked piles should be checked at multiple levels, and the positioning piles should be checked one by one to prevent leakage of piles. After piling, a comprehensive review should be carried out to confirm that there is no error before evacuation.


Solar mount system installation
1) Installation of the steel tube solar bracket, the steel tube solar bracket is installed on the precast concrete pile head and fixed with an adjustable snap ring.
2) Distinguish the front and rear beams according to the drawings, so as not to mix them.
3) Install the front and rear fixing blocks on the front and rear beams respectively, be careful not to fasten the bolts.
4) Install the front and rear bottom beams of the bracket. Place the front and rear beams on the steel pillars, connect the bottom beams, level the bottom beams with a spirit level, and fix the bottom beams with the steel pillars.
5) After leveling the front and rear beams, then tighten all the screws. When tightening the screws, tighten all the screws to 80% tight, and then correct the front and rear beams again. Tighten them one by one after they are qualified.
6) After the entire steel solar bracket is installed, a secondary adjustment should be made to ensure that it is within the error range, thereby ensuring the design quality.

Battery pack installation
Problems that should be paid attention to when installing photovoltaic modules:
a. Component locations should be selected in accordance with various electrical and fire codes.
b. Instructions and safety rules attached to the stand should be followed.
c. When the components leave the factory, the design has been realized. Any behavior that changes the structure or structure of the component is prohibited.
d. During standard installation, use the four symmetrical mounting holes on the inner side of the frame to fix the components on the bracket.
e. Brackets and other required materials (such as bolts, etc.) should be made of durable, rust-proof, and UV-resistant materials.
f. The components and the supporting structure should be fixed with bolts through the mounting holes, and the mounting holes are only located at the rear flange position of the frame. No additional drilling is required.
g. Use appropriate anti-corrosion fastening materials
h. There are many different ways to tighten up or down, and the installation method depends on the installation structure.
i. The installation design should be checked by a professional engineer. Installation design and procedures should comply with local regulations and those of all statutory authorities.


1) Installation of battery plate rods
a. Check the integrity of the panel rods.
b. Install the solar panel rods according to the drawings. In order to ensure the adjustable margin of the bracket, the connecting bolts must not be tightened.

2) Coarse adjustment of the mounting surface of the battery board
a. Adjust the position of the first and last two battery plate fixing rods and fasten them
b. Tie the pay-off rope to the upper and lower ends of the first and last two battery plate fixing rods, and tighten them.
c. Adjust the remaining battery plate fixing rods on the basis of the pay-off rope so that they are in a plane.
d. Pre-tighten all bolts.

3) On-site inspection of battery panels
a. The solar panel should be free from deformation, glass damage, scratches and cracks.
b. Measure the open-circuit voltage of the solar panel under sunlight, and the output end of the panel should match the positive and negative signs of the logo. The glass on the front of the panel has no cracks and damages, and there is no scratch or burr on the back. Before installation, the open circuit voltage of a single panel measured in the sun should not be lower than 4V of the nominal open circuit voltage.

4) Solar panel installation
a. During transportation and storage, the battery board should be handled with care, without strong shock and vibration, or placed under heavy pressure.
b. The installation of the battery board should be from bottom to top, block by block, the installation direction of the screw is from the inside to the outside, and the bolts of the battery board should be fastened. During the installation process, it must be handled with care so as not to damage the protective glass on the surface;
c. The connecting bolts of the battery board should have spring washers and flat washers. After tightening, the exposed parts of the bolts and nuts should be painted to prevent loosening. And after the completion of each installation, touch up the paint; the installation of the battery board must be horizontal, level and vertical, and keep the same spacing as the battery board in the square array; pay attention to the direction of the junction box of the battery board.

5) Battery board leveling
a. Tie two pay-off ropes to the upper and lower ends of the battery panel square, and tighten them.
b. Adjust the rest of the battery panels respectively based on the pay-off rope so that they are in a plane.
c. Tighten all bolts.

6) Battery board wiring
a. Determine the wiring method of the solar panel according to the design drawings of the power station.
b. The connection of the battery board shall meet the requirements of the design drawings.
c. The wiring adopts multi-strand copper core wire, and the wire head should be tinned before wiring.
d. When wiring, be careful not to reverse the positive and negative poles to ensure correct wiring. After each string of battery boards is connected, check whether the open-circuit voltage of the battery board string is correct. After the connection is correct, disconnect the wiring of one battery board to ensure the safe operation of the subsequent process.
e. Connect the battery board string to the connecting cable of the controller, and the metal armor of the cable should be grounded.
How to carry out post-operation and maintenance work?
A sound photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance management system can effectively prevent and reduce the hidden dangers of power station safety caused by later equipment aging, corrosion, animal damage, man-made damage, theft, natural disaster damage, etc., and ensure the safety of power station equipment and personnel. In order to achieve the safe and efficient operation of photovoltaic power plants.

1) Standardize the operation and maintenance process of photovoltaic power plants, establish a regular inspection system and clarify the purpose of inspection.
During the operation of photovoltaic power plants, equipment failures caused by various factors will inevitably lead to various safety hazards of photovoltaic power plants. Therefore, implementing comprehensive operation and maintenance management of photovoltaic power plants and standardizing the daily maintenance process of photovoltaic power plants are essential and key links for photovoltaic power plants.
① Regular component cleaning
② Remove vegetation cover
③ Inspection of photovoltaic power station equipment for aging, bracket corrosion, cable falling off, and component damage.
④ Strengthen security monitoring measures to reduce human theft
2) Establish an intelligent operation and maintenance management platform, 7x24-hour real-time monitoring of the operation status, and use the big data operation and maintenance management and analysis system to visually display the power generation and operation status of the power station through comprehensive statistical analysis, and compare the core data indicators of each power station in multiple dimensions. The overall operation level of the power station.

3) Set up a professional operation and maintenance team, require professional operation and maintenance personnel to hold certificates, regularly train professional technicians and power station operators, improve the professional quality and skills of operation and maintenance personnel, and avoid safety caused by personnel misoperation during the operation and maintenance process hidden danger.

In addition to the above measures taken in the preliminary inspection, design, construction and operation and maintenance of the power station to prevent and avoid the safety risks of the photovoltaic power station, various insurances can be purchased for the photovoltaic power station during the power station construction period and the power station operation period, such as construction/installation engineering All risks, property all risks, etc. to reduce the losses caused by various safety risks of photovoltaic power plants.

The basic operation and maintenance of the power station is consistent, and the most important thing is to arrange it reasonably in the design process, which will reduce the workload of operation and maintenance accordingly.

Epilogue
In today's increasingly serious environmental problems, how to protect the environment from being destroyed is a common global pursuit. Will the construction of photovoltaic power stations in the tidal flat area damage the local ecological environment? Industry professionals explained that when building a tidal flat photovoltaic power station, because the photovoltaic square array of the power station is constructed in an overhead form, although the staggered arrangement of the photovoltaic square array will completely block the sunlight, it does not block all the sunlight. Moreover, the tidal flat organisms are scattered, so it will not have much impact on the original ecological environment of the tidal flat. Secondly, photovoltaic power generation is clean energy and will not pollute the environment. Third, the construction of photovoltaic power stations can reduce the use of fossil fuels, reduce air pollution, and improve the local ecological environment.